Which states have the longest power outages? SAIDI and SAIFI by state, 2015 to 2025
West Virginia electricity customers averaged 1,013.2 minutes without power in 2025, about 16.9 hours and 3.9 times the US average of 262.6 minutes, the longest of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in EIA's data.
Key numbers
- 1,013.2 minAverage minutes without power per customer in West Virginia in 2025, major events included, the highest of the 51 jurisdictionsSource: EIA Table 11.4, 2025
- 262.6 minUS average minutes without power per customer in 2025, against 611.3 in 2024Source: EIA Table 11.4, 2024 and 2025
- 27.8%Rise in the US average from 2015 to 2019 (311.7 min a year) to 2021 to 2025 (398.3 min), major events includedSource: EIA Table 11.4, 2015 to 2025
- 6.8%Change in everyday outage minutes, major event days removed: 113.1 in 2015 to 120.8 in 2025Source: EIA Table 11.4, 2015 and 2025
- 94.7%Share of US electricity customers whose utilities reported these figures in 2025Source: EIA Table 11.3, 2025
The states with the most time without power in 2025
SAIDI is the average number of minutes a utility customer spent without power over the year. After West Virginia (1,013.2 minutes), Michigan came next at 671.5 minutes. District of Columbia had the lowest figure, 50.3 minutes. West Virginia also ranked highest once major event days are taken out (498.1 minutes), and its customers averaged 3.08 interruptions in the year.
Source: US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual Table 11.4 (Form EIA-861), any reporting method.
Every state, 2025
Sorted by 2025 minutes without power with major events included. The 11-year average (2015 to 2025) smooths out single storm years: on that measure Louisiana ranks highest at 1,110.3 minutes a year, and West Virginia ranks number 3.
| Rank | State | Minutes, 2025 | Minutes without major events | Interruptions, 2025 | Average minutes, 2015 to 2025 | Customers reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | West Virginia | 1,013.2 | 498.1 | 3.08 | 854.4 | 97.6% |
| 2 | Michigan | 671.5 | 160.3 | 1.42 | 585.5 | 97.6% |
| 3 | Nebraska | 547.3 | 116.3 | 1.32 | 233.6 | 74.1% |
| 4 | Alaska | 540.9 | 242.7 | 3.20 | 366.5 | 84.2% |
| 5 | Mississippi | 501.2 | 305.5 | 2.59 | 628.1 | 77.6% |
| 6 | Arkansas | 464.8 | 206.2 | 2.13 | 471.4 | 89.4% |
| 7 | Pennsylvania | 458.1 | 132.8 | 1.41 | 275.1 | 94.5% |
| 8 | Missouri | 457.2 | 116.3 | 1.36 | 245.5 | 86.6% |
| 9 | Virginia | 445.7 | 177.0 | 1.95 | 352.0 | 97.0% |
| 10 | Kentucky | 408.2 | 173.1 | 1.92 | 409.1 | 96.6% |
| 11 | Indiana | 374.0 | 123.2 | 1.39 | 294.8 | 93.0% |
| 12 | Washington | 372.5 | 144.3 | 1.41 | 367.6 | 95.2% |
| 13 | Alabama | 371.6 | 114.6 | 2.01 | 392.5 | 72.7% |
| 14 | Maine | 363.4 | 191.7 | 2.24 | 1,073.1 | 100.2% |
| 15 | California | 344.6 | 135.0 | 1.28 | 273.9 | 98.5% |
| 16 | Idaho | 306.2 | 149.0 | 1.16 | 270.4 | 95.2% |
| 17 | Oregon | 297.4 | 103.5 | 1.12 | 383.8 | 92.8% |
| 18 | Montana | 288.1 | 137.2 | 1.36 | 231.0 | 73.4% |
| 19 | Oklahoma | 285.5 | 144.8 | 1.82 | 609.1 | 89.8% |
| 20 | Hawaii | 282.1 | 187.5 | 2.02 | 242.2 | 99.7% |
| 21 | Colorado | 269.9 | 116.7 | 1.28 | 170.8 | 94.0% |
| 22 | Louisiana | 269.5 | 218.9 | 2.32 | 1,110.3 | 93.6% |
| 23 | Georgia | 269.3 | 147.0 | 1.85 | 455.5 | 90.0% |
| 24 | South Dakota | 268.5 | 61.4 | 1.33 | 166.7 | 76.5% |
| 25 | Vermont | 262.9 | 184.6 | 1.70 | 546.8 | 89.8% |
| 26 | New Hampshire | 231.3 | 135.1 | 1.45 | 491.4 | 99.3% |
| 27 | Wisconsin | 230.0 | 84.2 | 0.94 | 209.2 | 92.4% |
| 28 | Tennessee | 229.0 | 150.6 | 1.64 | 369.1 | 75.3% |
| 29 | Wyoming | 224.2 | 104.7 | 1.51 | 183.2 | 76.4% |
| 30 | Texas | 223.5 | 128.7 | 1.70 | 475.3 | 99.2% |
| 31 | Ohio | 205.4 | 130.0 | 1.27 | 287.7 | 96.8% |
| 32 | North Dakota | 203.5 | 72.8 | 1.14 | 162.0 | 89.1% |
| 33 | Kansas | 196.1 | 96.9 | 1.32 | 242.4 | 82.4% |
| 34 | North Carolina | 191.7 | 140.7 | 1.38 | 573.9 | 95.6% |
| 35 | Connecticut | 183.9 | 76.7 | 0.93 | 446.2 | 100.9% |
| 36 | Rhode Island | 183.0 | 60.1 | 0.96 | 321.9 | 96.9% |
| 37 | Minnesota | 182.4 | 93.7 | 1.18 | 174.0 | 89.1% |
| 38 | Maryland | 178.3 | 78.9 | 0.96 | 164.4 | 98.5% |
| 39 | New Mexico | 172.0 | 149.3 | 1.29 | 170.9 | 90.8% |
| 40 | New Jersey | 154.9 | 95.8 | 1.12 | 261.1 | 100.9% |
| 41 | Iowa | 151.8 | 78.4 | 1.03 | 271.3 | 85.5% |
| 42 | South Carolina | 151.1 | 103.6 | 1.25 | 658.2 | 98.7% |
| 43 | Illinois | 144.5 | 62.1 | 0.87 | 158.3 | 97.0% |
| 44 | Nevada | 127.8 | 100.7 | 1.12 | 120.6 | 103.1% |
| 45 | New York | 122.0 | 73.8 | 0.80 | 201.1 | 99.3% |
| 46 | Massachusetts | 121.0 | 75.3 | 0.91 | 278.0 | 93.3% |
| 47 | Utah | 117.5 | 99.1 | 0.88 | 178.8 | 89.1% |
| 48 | Delaware | 102.5 | 73.7 | 0.93 | 133.9 | 88.9% |
| 49 | Florida | 70.5 | 63.4 | 0.86 | 574.9 | 100.0% |
| 50 | Arizona | 69.9 | 62.6 | 0.89 | 95.5 | 96.3% |
| 51 | District of Columbia | 50.3 | 33.9 | 0.32 | 68.7 | 98.7% |
Is the grid getting worse?
Counting everything, yes. The US average was 398.3 minutes a year from 2021 to 2025, 27.8% more than the 311.7 minutes a year from 2015 to 2019, and 38 of the 51 states (counting the District of Columbia) had a higher average in the later period. Most of that comes from major events such as large storms: in 2025, major event days made up 54.0% of the US total.
Everyday reliability moved much less. With major event days removed, the US average went from 116.0 to 122.5 minutes a year between the same two periods, a rise of 5.5%, and 27 of the 51 were higher in the later period.
| Year | Minutes without power | Minutes without major events | Interruptions | Interruptions without major events |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 205.0 | 113.1 | 1.25 | 1.05 |
| 2016 | 249.2 | 116.9 | 1.29 | 1.06 |
| 2017 | 473.1 | 114.4 | 1.39 | 1.01 |
| 2018 | 346.4 | 117.2 | 1.32 | 1.03 |
| 2019 | 284.6 | 118.6 | 1.32 | 1.02 |
| 2020 | 491.9 | 119.0 | 1.44 | 1.04 |
| 2021 | 440.0 | 121.5 | 1.43 | 1.02 |
| 2022 | 335.5 | 125.7 | 1.41 | 1.06 |
| 2023 | 342.0 | 118.4 | 1.33 | 1.00 |
| 2024 | 611.3 | 126.0 | 1.52 | 1.04 |
| 2025 | 262.6 | 120.8 | 1.34 | 1.05 |
What this means for utilities and the people who supply them
- Major events drive the totals. In 2025 they made up 54.0% of the time US customers spent without power, so storm preparedness, crews and spare materials matter as much as day-to-day reliability.
- One bad year can move a state far up the list. Compare the 2025 figure with the 11-year average before drawing conclusions about a single state.
- Everyday outage minutes rose by 5.5% between 2015 to 2019 and 2021 to 2025. That is a small change, so most of the year-to-year swing in the headline figure comes from major events.
- If you serve one of the high-outage states, line up critical spares and supply sources before storm season rather than during restoration.
Method
Every figure comes from the US Energy Information Administration's Electric Power Annual tables on distribution reliability, which EIA builds from Form EIA-861, the annual survey of electric utilities. We use EIA's "any method" series, which combines utilities that report under the IEEE 1366 standard with those that use their own method. State figures are EIA's customer-weighted averages of the utilities' reported values. We ranked the 50 states and the District of Columbia, averaged each state's yearly figures for 2015 to 2025, and compared 2015 to 2019 with 2021 to 2025 (2020 is left out so the two periods are the same length). Data fetched 12 Nov 2026.
Sources
- US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual, Tables 11.1, 11.3, 11.4 and 11.5. Period used: 2015 to 2025 (final 2025 data).
- US Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861 annual detailed data (reliability file, used to check). Period used: 2025.
Limits
- Not every utility reports. In 2025 the utilities that did served 94.7% of US customers; the lowest coverage was in Alabama (72.7%). Coverage for each state is in the table. A few states show slightly more than 100% because EIA counts customers in two parts of the form.
- Utilities using the IEEE method define a major event day with a statistical threshold; others decide for themselves what counts as a major event, so "without major events" figures are less comparable.
- Momentary interruptions are not counted.
- The figures say how long and how often customers were without power, not why. Nothing here measures what caused an outage or which equipment was involved.
Cite this study
DENCO Fuses (2026). Which states have the longest power outages? SAIDI and SAIFI by state, 2015 to 2025. https://dencofuses.com/research/power-outage-duration-by-state/
The table behind this study is free to reuse under CC BY 4.0: credit DENCO Fuses and link to this page. Download the data (CSV).
More DENCO Fuses research · Fuse and grid statistics · CSV
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